How Permanently End Procrastination - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1500 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Procrastination Essay Did you like this example? Do you identify with any of these common behaviors? Do you usually start your work with the easier tasks rather than the more difficult ones? Do you tend to choose pleasurable activities over more important activities? How about performing a series of less valuable activities, just so you wont have to start what youre really supposed to be doing? Ever do this? If you find yourself indulging in such behaviors, then you, as so many other people, are procrastinating. Procrastination is the habit of putting off the completion of tasks. However, take comfort: You are not alone! Facts: Get stats external links Procrastination is very common problem in our society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Permanently End Procrastination" essay for you Create order Procrastination breeds stress. What you will learn in this post: How procrastination causes stress Say this w/statistics, like Stuart does subtle forms of procrastination you might not notice What are the real reasons people/you procrastinate? Three proven techniques you can use to permanently end procrastination How does procrastination cause stress? Procrastination is a common, even pervasive, source of stress in contemporary society. Why? So, you relax for a while. You do what you like. Isnt relaxation the opposite of stress? Its the consequences, my friend. The consequences. Think about when you decided, Ill do that later. Right now, Im going to do something I like. You knew you had to get it done. Yet you kept putting it off in favor of a preferred task. Then, uh-oh deadline coming up! Stress building! All these putting off activities are avoidance behaviors indulging in alternatives you prefer, in lieu of what you know you should do. Procrastination causes delays, often resulting in tension and worry. It often forces people to cram at the last minute. Cramming is a high-adrenaline state that leads to even more stress. Find those other reasons it causes stress external link So, procrastination is known as a stressor. Did you know? Ive heard that 99% of the time, people feel regret after they have procrastinated. True or not, nevertheless, procrastinating leaves people less time to complete what they should have started earlier. The procrastinator can even get into a bind with meeting a deadline. The sneaky thing about procrastinating is that you may be satisfied and happy while youre avoiding the task. The downside emerges as the deadlines close in. This the time of the reality check and regret. The procrastinator has already spent most of the available time he had. Put into a frame: Why Put Off Today What You Will Regret Tomorrow? Why do people procrastinate? Why do intelligent people bring this stress upon themselves? If we want to beat the habit procrastination, we have to understand why people habitually resort to procrastination in the first place: Discomfort Discomfort may be mental, emotional, or physical. Can we agree on this: Any valuable endeavor or activity is likely to involve some level of discomfort? Getting out of our comfort zone exerting effort and expending energy is usually necessary to produce a meaningful outcome. A very low threshold for discomfort can cause a person to procrastinate, just to delay that experience. A low threshold for discomfort is a common reason for putting off activities. Remedy: Become aware. When you know how your mind is operating, you are in control and direct yourself to your best behaviors. But did you know? Most of the time, people are unaware of their threshold for discomfort. At the unconscious level, they the desire to avoid discomfort drives their choice. So if itrs unconscious, we have to go deep to eliminate it. 2. Fear of a Fiasco Some adults are so afraid of failing they will postpone an activity that is, procrastinate, for as long as they possibly can. A scary experience! When a person is afraid of failure, he may envision the worst possible outcome. The thought of falling short of his standard of achievement, accompanied by a whole array of mental and emotional discomforts, becomes an excuse for procrastinating.A general fear of failure often goes hand-in-hand with perfectionism. An individuals who believes his work must be absolutely perfect, is more likely to procrastinate. Remedy: Certainly, you want to do your best. But understand that creative people are rarely 100% satisfied with their work. For example, artists whether musical, visual, or even literary know their work could always be better in some way. Even the audience may differ in opinion. Letrs remember the adage, Perfectionism is in the eye of the beholder. Do your best during the allotted time and accept it. Fear of Rejection and/or Censure There are some situations where a fully capable adult becomes hesitant to do something because he feels someone, most like an authority figure, will disapprove of his actions. This fear is rooted in the belief that other peoplers valuations are much more important than oners self-valuation. For example, a person who has wanted to learn to play guitar may procrastinate indefinitely because he feels other people think he has no sense of pitch or rhythm. A famous musical couple, A legendary opera singer, Joan Sutherland, and her famous conductor husband, Sir John Barbarolli, managed to perform together though he knew she had a poor sense of pitch. They worked around it and corrected it. Refusal to Do Something When a person feels he is undertaking a task unfairly assigned to him, he will likely avoid it as long as possible. Yet, as the inevitable deadline approaches, frustration and anger are likely to set in. The mental resistance to the task, along with the time squeeze to get it done, naturally lead to a higher stress level. Remedy: Deal with the unfairness directly or else, bite the bullet: Do the task and move on. All these avoidance behaviors and attitudes are self-defeating. They are just habits. The good news is that we can change habits. Read on to learn how.Essential Tips to Permanently End Procrastination If one or more of the reasons stated above applies to you, know that they are all just mental states. That means you can consciously override them in favor of more positive and productive behavior. Solutions that work: You can begin to override the tendency to procrastinate by following these steps. Essential Tip #1: Dont Over-think Over-thinking something is never a good choice. It often goes along with perfectionism. You are cycling the same thoughts in your mind, round and round to come up with the perfect plan. This is exhausting and it postpones any type of action. Instead of repeatedly thinking about doing something, Just Do It! Nikers immortal slogan is the perfect motto for procrastination! This helps with Fear of Fiasco and Fear of Rejection. I can recall when I would sit, staring into space, pondering with pencil in hand how to begin a letter or report. Just couldnt come up with those elusive opening words. Then came the great motivator: Deadline pressure. I just started right in writing about what I knew I wanted to communicate. I decided the opening and any other revisions could come later. And thatrs exactly what happened. Try it: Just get going with what you know you can do. Essential Tip #2: Adjust Your Mindset If you identify at all with the procrastination we discussed earlier, you probably want to delay the discomfort of tension of doing the task. You just dont like what you have to do. While youre procrastinating, tell yourself this: Im not freeing myself of any discomfort. Im just prolonging the discomfort! Thats what procrastinating is: prolonging the discomfort. You know all those things you have to do will be still be lingering in your mind, weighing you down. So, just go to it and get it done so you can lighten up! This helps with Refusal b/c unfair. Essential Tip #3: Plan Ahead Are you worried or anxious about the outcome or your task? You can erase uneasiness and any doubts with this tried true strategy: Create an Action Plan. Consider preparing your Action Plan on paper rather than on a digital device. The physical act of writing helps to dissipate the tension and to give you a feeling of control. We view things differently when theyre set on paper. Tasks we regarded as formal and tedious appear easier to manage when you write down the exact details. Oh, I just need to do Step 1, Step 2, Step 3 . . . If this works for you, then repeat this process whenever you feel like procrastinating. Say somewhere: Tip: Be aware that you may encounter obstacles or outside interruptions that could curtail the time you estimated for completion of the task. In this part of our series, Permanently Ending Procrastination, we have focused on the forms of procrastination and the reasons people allow this setback in lives. We also shared three tips to re-orient your mind to moving forward. Continue now to Part 2 to learn six practical steps to stop this self-defeating habit. Apply these and, in no time, you will be permanently ending procrastination!

The Ontological Argument Essay - 1446 Words

The Ontological Argument nbsp; The Ontological Argument, put forth by Saint Anselm in his Proslogium, attempts to prove the existence of God simply by the fact that we have a particular concept of God - that God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived. Saint Anselm presents a convincing argument that many people view as the work of a genius. It is also quite often considered a failure because, in William L. Rowes words, In granting that Anselms God is a possible thing we are in fact granting that Anselms God actually exists. In other words, it assumes the point it is supposed to prove, primarily because is assumes that existence is a great-making quality, and for God to be truly great, he must exist. I†¦show more content†¦A descriptive way to put it is that knowledge is simply belief that we feel safe enough to bet on. If one accepts these definitions, and understands the concepts they stand for, then one can say that Anselm arrives at the decision that he knows that God exists, and cannot be conceived not to exist. And this is as close to the reality of the existence or nonexistence of God that we as humans, relying on our senses and reasoning for knowledge of truth, can actually come to the truth. nbsp; Definitions are the other problem that I must cover, and Anselm also spends considerable time speaking of definitions and how they differ from the understanding, or concept, of something. A definition is the word or words for a concept. There is the tree itself (the truth, or reality), there is our concept of the tree (or our knowledge and beliefs of and about the tree), and there is the word tree and all the words describing our concepts of it, or our definition for the thing we call tree. So, what I am illustrating is that definitions are how we put our concepts into words, and that our concepts are a combination of our beliefs and knowledge of what actually is. nbsp; What Anselm basically states in his argument is that if one truly understands what that than which nothing greater can exist is, and accept it as a possible definition of God, then one must know that God exists (this assumes that existence is a greatShow MoreRelatedThe Ontological Argument By Anselm1524 Words   |  7 Pages I will begin my paper by discussing the two major versions of the ontological argument by Anselm presented in the proslogion. The first being â€Å"Possible and actual existence†, and the second being â€Å"Contingent or Necessary†. One should start off with the first summarized in the standard form as follows: #1 It is a conceptual truth that God is a being than which none greater can be imagined. #2 God exists as an idea in the mind. #3 A being that exists as an idea in the mind and in reality is, otherRead MoreExploring the Ontological Argument1746 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Ontological Argument For nearly a thousand years, the ontological argument has captured the attention of philosophers. The ontological argument was revolutionary in its sequence from thought to reality. It was an argument that did not require any corresponding experiment in reality; it functioned without the necessity of empirical data. Despite flaws and problems found in some ontological arguments and the objections raised to those arguments, ontological arguments still provide aRead MoreEssay on The Ontological Argument1589 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ontological Argument The Ontological argument is a group of different philosophers arguments for the existence of God. Ontological literally means talking about being and so in this case, that being is the existence or being of God. The main component of the Ontological argument can be found in the Anselm’s Proslogion which is a short work that tries to demonstrate both the existence and the nature of God. His main aim in writing the Proslogion is not to directly prove the existence ofRead MoreOntological Argument Is Not Reliant On An Posteriori933 Words   |  4 Pages Ontological Argument Saint Anselm created the â€Å"Ontological Argument†. Saint Anselm was the archbishop of Canterbury. The premise of Saint Anselm’s Ontological Argument is that, no greater being can be conceived than God. The Ontological Argument is an a priori or deductive argument. An a priori argument does not have to be supported by real or factual evidence just by reason without observation. Thus, the Ontological Argument is not reliant on an a posteriori premise. An a posteriori argumentRead MoreEssay on The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The ontological argument is an a priori argument. The arguments attempt to prove Gods existence from the meaning of the word God. The ontological argument was introduced by Anselm of Canterbury in his book Proslogion. Anselms classical argument was based on two principals and the two most involved in this is St Anselm of Canterbury as previously mentioned and Rene Descartes. The ontological argument argues thatRead MoreEssay about Ontological Argument Critique 857 Words   |  4 Pagesis a much debated philosophical argument that has mystified philosophers since the age of the ‘Enlightenment.’ Many of the different arguments put forth and analysed though, have not adequately proven God’s existence. Although in order to move forward, failed arguments must be studied to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. One such argument is the Ontological Argument. This argument was first recorded by St. Anslem (1033-1109). Descartes adapts this argument in the fifth meditation in ‘MeditationsRead MoreThe Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1509 Words   |  7 Pages Descartes’ ontological argument is an echo of the original ontological argument for the existence of God as proposed by St. Anselm in the 11th century. To illustrate the background of the ontological argument, Anselm’s argument works within a distinct framework of ontology that posits the existence of God as necessity by virtue of its definition. In other words, for the mind to conceive of an infinite, perfect God, ultimately implies that there must indeed be a perfect God that embodies existenceRead MoreEssay on Anselm’s Ontological Argument1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe ontological argument for God’s existence is a work of art resulting from philosophical argumentation. An ontological argument for the existence of God is one that attemp ts the method of a priori proof, which utilizes intuition and reason alone. The term a priori refers to deductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that proceeds from general principles or premises to derive particular information. The argument works by examining the concept of God, and arguing that it impliesRead MoreDescartes Ontological Argument For The Existence Of God1302 Words   |  6 PagesWord Count: 10/30/2014 Descartes’ Ontological Argument for the Existence of God The Ontological Argument for the existence of God is an a priori argument that aims to demonstrate that God’s real-world existence follows necessarily from the concept of God. In Meditation V of Discourse on Methods and Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes presents his version of the Ontological Argument for the existence of God. In this essay, I will argue that this argument fails because necessary existence forRead MoreAnalysis of Anselms Ontological Argument and the Argument from Evil1448 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis to Anselm’s Ontological Argument and the Argument from Evil The debate of the existence of God had been active since before the first philosopher has pondered the question. Anselm’s Ontological Argument was introduced during the 11th century and had stood deductively valid until the 18th century. Then there are the arguments to aim disprove God, such as the Argument from Evil. The Ontological argument is an a priori deductive argument. That is, an argument relating to being,

Thr33 Ringz free essay sample

T-pains album Thr33 Ringz is one of the most phenomenal Hip-Hop albums ever made. T-pain teamed up with huge stars such as Ludacris, Lil Wayne, T.I., Kanye West, Diddy, and DJ Khaled to make a wonderful album. His song with Lil Wayne Cant Believe It was a big hit along with his song Chopped n Screwed with Ludacris. You probably remember T-Pain from his hits singles Im Sprung, Im in Luv (With a Stripper) or Buy U a Drank. He then sung chourses in songs by Kanye West, Xzibit, DJ Khaled and many morewhile making his first album Epiphany. It debuted at #1 on the Billboard 200. Not long after its release, he began work on his newest album Thr33 Ringz while still singing songs with more big-name rappers and winning awards like Video of the Year for Good Life and Best Collab. for Im So Hood. We will write a custom essay sample on Thr33 Ringz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now hes back better than ever. In his songs Cant Believe It, Lil Wayne adds a great verse with his pitchy vocals. In Chopped n Screwed feat. Ludacris, T-Pains voice compliments Ludacriss verse, because he has a flow better than anyone in the game. If you like really heavy Hip-Hop, this album isnt for you, but if you like that soulish music, this is the best album out there.

The Professionals Of Construction Industry Construction Essay Example For Students

The Professionals Of Construction Industry Construction Essay The Professionalism in Constructions is a combination of derived important activities of professionals . This is chiefly related with their occupation undertakings, such as ; an active presentation of the traits of professionals, besides the degree of professionalism can be evaluated how successful you are in your occupation and besides it can be decided how others position on you and how far you have developed in your calling degree every bit good. Outline1 Some specific professionals in building industry, for illustration ; Architects, Civil A ; Structural Engineers, Mechanical A ; Electrical Engineers, Project Managers and Quantity Surveyors whom are well-trained and extremely educated and experient experts. They are lending with their specific cognition and experience for the successful completion of undertakings. And besides they have critical duties and responsibilities within their full functions ; for case, Preparation of drawings, Specifications, BOQ, Contract Conditions and Agreements.2 Furthermore trade with the Time, Money, Technology, Equipments, operatives and stuffs for managing of building undertakings and form the undertaking resources.3 The professional organisations normally provide comprehensive improvement to the professionals, such as ; initial professional development and being a member in an establishment. It furnishes free instruction and preparation, engagement in conference and seminars, web chances and acquire privilege to utilize on line resorts. Hence some professional organisations are particularly critical to the building industry, for illustration ; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a consequence of this, professionals can develop their cognition and do betterment the degree of professionalism suitably.4 Further, certain concern related organisations provide coaction of professionals to portion with their cognition and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to utilize organisation resources to success of their undertakings, some of them are significantly of import to buildings industry, such as ; mention of FIDIC in international, mention of ICTAD in Sri Lanka and besides mention of Business Enterprise A ; Regulatory Reform ( BERR ) in the United Kingdom.5 Introduction6 MAIN BODY DISCUSSIONS7 The Professionalism8 Define Concept of Professionalism9 Concept of the Professionalism fundamentally explained herewith, on special izer s point of position, most of writers have defined the construct of professionalism in considerable volume.10 Harmonizing to the article of Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 2005 AÂ © NUHS ( Stuart Kinsinger ) Professionalism is defined as Professionalism is service through the usage of specialised cognition, accomplishments, and experience ; keeping oneself to the highest criterions of idea, word, and title. 11 Refering to the above explained remark, it can be identified clearly what the construct of professionalism is,12 Further professionalism can be described as ;13 Whatsoever, professionalism can non be evaluated merely in visual aspect ; like spruceness, good training, and shop-talk every bit good. It should be truly evaluated through the proficient skilled, interior strengths, attitudes and honest work done.14 Besides, refering of the professionals in building industry ; will be profoundly discussed in following stairss, therefore it is farther required to analyze the history of professionalism in buildings to acquire a proper cognition about buildings professionals professionalism.15 History of Professionalism in Construction industry16 History of professionalism has been shown since in the beginning of civilisation in this universe, however refer to the building industry, professionalism shows at the early phase of Second World War in 1942, when sing to issued records by US Naval Mobile Construction Battalion five, Command History, that battalion has earned a repute for excellence and professionalism during the 54 old ages of its being. Besides they have built flight strips, infirmaries, Bridgess, roads, and have provided human-centered and disaster recovery aid in about every portion of the universe.17 Hence it appears clearly, there should be a peculiar features and properties in professionalism.18 Features and Attributes of Professionalism19 There are figure of specials features and property in professionalism to be holding actively to impl ement within the professionals organic structures. This characterizes give much influence to success of professionalism in their trades. It is as follows ;20 Besides above specialized characterizes can be judged by peculiar facts identified to obtain existent professionalism in buildings.21 How is Professionalism Judged?22 Harmonizing to the book Up The Corporate Ladder Professionalism in The Workplace written by Elsabe Manning ( proprietor of the Success Factory ) , Professionalism is judged by the undermentioned facts: such as, Responsibility and answerability, concern etiquette, Telephone and e-etiquette, Manners, Communication, Relationships, Competence, Respectfulness, Trustworthiness, Empathy and compassion, Emotional adulthood, Image, etc ;23 So so, above mentioned facts are used to judge the degree of professionalism, therefore farther demands to understand precisely about professionals and their functions relevant to the building industry.24 The professionals of Construct ion Industry25 Definition26 Largely instruction, work civilization, ethical motives, work moralss, positive thought, unfastened head make anybody into a professional, out of these six points, at least four should be present to go a good, valuable professional.A Further accounts ; a professional is a individual who is paid to take over a specialised set of undertakings and to finish them for a fee.27 Who are the professionals in Construction Industry?28 In general, there are extremely qualified and good trained professionals are lending within their specific cognition and experience to present the undertakings in building industry in successful. There are few cardinal professionals in the building industry, identified as, Architects, Undertaking Managers, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineer and Quantity Surveyors.29 Basically, they categorized within their engagement with occupation environment, some of them are working as client represent atives, and some are assigned to plan squads, besides assigned to builders and care houses.30 Functions of professionals in Construction industry31 Most of building undertakings or houses employ reputed professionals to acquire proper direction procedure in order to archive undertakings ends, part with the professionals specialised functions. Architects, Engineer Consultants, Builders and Quantity Surveyors, whom are the professionals in building industry, hence farther will discourse refering the important functions of them relevant to the building undertakings as a professional squad,32 Particular points of cardinal functions of them are given below ;33 Further their functions are briefly described as follows ;34 The Architect35 Harmonizing to the Wikipedia, an designer is a individual trained in the planning, design and oversight/supervision of the building of edifices and further designer should be sing site sporadically for reviews to guarantee that in general, the work being carried out on site is in conformity with architectural designs and specifications.36 By and large, Architect should hold proper instruction makings and besides should hold good preparation back land to present their cognition for the undertaking success in footings of sustainability and safety of terminal users. Besides there are Landscapes Architects, Town Planners, Infrastructures and edifice Architects whom are categorized on subject on service and they involve as a squad or one individual.37 Harmonizing to the Bamisile ( 2004 ) , during the building stage Engineers ( Civil, electrical, mechanical, geotechnical and structural ) should see the site frequently for reviews, and to be ensured that all activities traveling on conformity with their technology drawings, specifications and agendas. Besides they should be concerned with monitoring and guaranting methods and stuffs. Normally engineer advisers joint as a reputed single house with development undertakings. Besides involve for choosing the undertaking by manner of stamp or by nomination. A Fee besides will be charged by Engineers as a parentage footing.38 The Quantity Surveyor ( Cost Consultant )39 Quantity surveyor is the person/ house who manage the cost relating to the building undertakings, such as new buildings, care work and redevelopments. Quantity surveyor proctors the cost of every facets of a building undertaking as a cost expert, every bit good as seeks to minimise the costs of the undertaking and to do more cost nest eggs while guaranting the entire cost of undertaking does non transcend the estimated cost.40 Furthermore when survey about Architects, Engineers A ; Quantity Surveyors as Construction Professionals, besides have to be identified their responsibilities and Responsibilities decently.41 Duties and duties of professionals in Construction industry42 In general Architects, Undertaking directors, applied scientists and measure surveyors are the most of import individuals whom are i nvolved as professionals in building industry. Therefore, they have to be really respectable and good attention of their responsibilities and duties harmonizing to their work sectors.43 Their responsibilities and duties could be described in brief as mentioned below ;44 Architect45 Civil Engineers46 The Quantity Surveyor47 Pre Contract phase: 48 Post Contract phase: 49 The Construction Project Manager50 The Constructions professional s organisations51 What is Professional organisation52 Professional organisations normally give comprehensive improvement to the professionals such as, initial professional development and besides being a member in an establishment as free instruction and preparation, go toing to conference and seminars, web chances and acquire privilege to utilize on line resorts,53 Hence some professional organisations are particularly critical to the building industry, for illustration ; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a consequence of this, professionals can develop their cognition and do betterment the degree of professionalism suitably.54 The function of professional organisations in the building industry55 In general, herewith discussed about common functions briefly,56 The Benefits of Joining with Professional establishments57 The Construction professional establishments provide most of import benefits for the professionals organic structure to better their professionalism actively. The few benefits of professional institutes are given below ;58 Annual rank fee of most reputed professional institutes are really high, nevertheless some companies provide institutes rank fee and preparation outgos harmonizing to the demand of the employers at that clip.59 Further analyzing the benefits and specific functions of professional institutes, once and for all following tabular array will demo map different of few institutes. ( Refer to Postpone 01 )60 Table -01 Organization s Roles, Functions61 Profes sionals liability in Constructions62 Generally professional s liabilities are the legal duty with professional s mistakes, carelessness or skips during the class of pattern of work. Hence there are few identified cardinal professional s liabilities in building industry, those are as follows ;63 Normally at the design and direction stages of undertaking, consequence of professionals liabilities are high than other stages, Above identified liabilities in building professionals, farther required to protect them utilizing Construction insurance and policies. Those are as follows ;64 The function of Constructions related concern organisations65 The concern related organisations provide coaction of professionals to portion with their cognition and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to utilize organisation resources to success of their undertakings, some of them are significantly of import to buildings industry, such as ; mention of FIDIC in international, mention of ICTAD in Sri La nka and besides mention of Business Enterprise A ; Regulatory Reform ( BERR ) in the United Kingdom66 Following are the cardinal functions of concern related organisations ;67 Maintain criterions in the industry68 Provide resort as and when needed69 Strengthen the economic public presentation70 Increase peoples understanding71 Create conditions for concern success72 Raise degrees of productiveness73 Help produce professionals in the industry and maintain criterions74 Aid with research work/ preparation and CPD75 Helps keep connexion with universe broad76 By these major key functions can place which contain their relationship with building industry clearly. Therefore those maps significantly influence the success of undertakings in building industry actively.77 CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATIONS78 This survey make following decision eventually, surely, peculiar employer s aptitudes can be performed within particular features and properties accompanied with professionalism such as, Ethics A ; Qualification, Skill, Experience, Communication Skills, Initiative. These are critical facts for improve of the professionalism in building industry. .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .postImageUrl , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:hover , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:visited , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:active { border:0!important; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:active , .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250m s; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc4 1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41 .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u69bf546b572f085dd0e53afd4d5ffc41:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parents as Teachers Essay Some specific professionals in building industry, for illustration ; Architects, Civil A ; Structural Engineers, Mechanical A ; Electrical Engineers, Project Managers and Quantity Surveyors whom are well-trained and extremely educated and experient experts. They are lending with their specific cognition and experience for the successful completion of undertakings. And besides they have critical duties and responsibilities within their full functions ; for case, Preparation of drawings, Specifications, BOQ, Contract Conditions and Agreements. Furthermore trade with the Time, Money, Technology, Equipments, operatives and stuffs for managing of building undertakings and form the undertaking resources. The professional organisations normally provide comprehensive improvement to the professionals, such as ; initial professional development and being a member in an establishment. It furnishes free instruction and preparation, engagement in conference and seminars, web chances and acquire privilege to utilize on line resorts. Hence some professional organisations are particularly critical to the building industry, for illustration ; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a consequence of this, professionals can develop their cognition and do betterment the degree of professionalism suitably. Further, certain concern related organisations provide coaction of professionals to portion with their cognition and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to utilize organisation resources to success of their undertakings, some of them are significantly of import to buildings industry, such as ; mention of FIDIC in international, mention of ICTAD in Sri Lanka and besides mention of Business Enterprise A ; Regulatory Reform ( BERR ) in the United Kingdom. Introduction We will write a custom essay on The Professionals Of Construction Industry Construction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This study comprehensively discuss about the survey of Professionalism in Constructions industry. The Aim is acquiring of cognition and consciousness of Professionalism, approximately assorted building related Professional Organizations and their function in the Construction Industry. Particularly discuss through the undermentioned major cardinal points by look intoing briefly, The construct of Professionalism Professionals functions within the Construction Industry. The construct and pattern of Professional Liability The function of Professional Organizations in the Construction Industry. The function of Construction related concern organisations. MAIN BODY DISCUSSIONS The Professionalism Define Concept of Professionalism Concept of the Professionalism fundamentally explained herewith, on specializer s point of position, most of writers have defined the construct of professionalism in considerable volume. Harmonizing to the article of Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 2005 AÂ © NUHS ( Stuart Kinsinger ) Professionalism is defined as Professionalism is service through the usage of specialised cognition, accomplishments, and experience ; keeping oneself to the highest criterions of idea, word, and title. Refering to the above explained remark, it can be identified clearly what the construct of professionalism is, Further professionalism can be described as ; It is an active presentation of the traits of professionals, The degree of professionalism can be evaluated how successful you are in your occupation. It can besides be decided how others position on you and how far you develop your calling degree. Whatsoever, professionalism can non be evaluated merely in visual aspect ; like spruceness, good training, and shop-talk every bit good. It should be truly evaluated through the proficient skilled, interior strengths, attitudes and honest work done. Besides, refering of the professionals in building industry ; will be profoundly discussed in following stairss, therefore it is farther required to analyze the history of professionalism in buildings to acquire a proper cognition about buildings professionals professionalism. History of Professionalism in Construction industry History of professionalism has been shown since in the beginning of civilisation in this universe, however refer to the building industry, professionalism shows at the early phase of Second World War in 1942, when sing to issued records by US Naval Mobile Construction Battalion five, Command History, that battalion has earned a repute for excellence and professionalism during the 54 old ages of its being. Besides they have built flight strips, infirmaries, Bridgess, roads, and have provided human-centered and disaster recovery aid in about every portion of the universe. Hence it appears clearly, there should be a peculiar features and properties in professionalism. Features and Attributes of Professionalism There are figure of specials features and property in professionalism to be holding actively to implement within the professionals organic structures. This characterizes give much influence to success of professionalism in their trades. It is as follows ; Attitude this is really of import feature of professionalism, there should be positive attitude, and hence it will assist to increase concern success, Appearance -Wearer s clean fabric is really of import for make the concern in positive manner continuously, therefore this positive visual aspect will significantly assist to the concern success. , Behavior to be expressed well-bred, unagitated affairs, should non be spite, Vocabulary- Should be usage ever right words, non suited to utilize large words because degree of professionalism is frequently judged by vocabulary, Mindset- Pattern of the manner of thought of professionals Besides above specialized characterizes can be judged by peculiar facts identified to obtain existent professionalism in buildings. How is Professionalism Judged? Harmonizing to the book Up The Corporate Ladder Professionalism in The Workplace written by Elsabe Manning ( proprietor of the Success Factory ) , Professionalism is judged by the undermentioned facts: such as, Responsibility and answerability, concern etiquette, Telephone and e-etiquette, Manners, Communication, Relationships, Competence, Respectfulness, Trustworthiness, Empathy and compassion, Emotional adulthood, Image, etc ; So so, above mentioned facts are used to judge the degree of professionalism, therefore farther demands to understand precisely about professionals and their functions relevant to the building industry. The professionals of Construction Industry Definition Largely instruction, work civilization, ethical motives, work moralss, positive thought, unfastened head make anybody into a professional, out of these six points, at least four should be present to go a good, valuable professional.A Further accounts ; a professional is a individual who is paid to take over a specialised set of undertakings and to finish them for a fee. The cardinal steps for professionals as follows: They should hold expert and specialised cognition in their bearer, Excellent practical and literary accomplishments, Basically high quality work to be exhibited, A high criterion of professional moralss, behaviours and work activities, Work morale and motive in sensible degree. Suitable intervention of relationships with societal group. Who are the professionals in Construction Industry? In general, there are extremely qualified and good trained professionals are lending within their specific cognition and experience to present the undertakings in building industry in successful. There are few cardinal professionals in the building industry, identified as, Architects, Undertaking Managers, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineer and Quantity Surveyors. Basically, they categorized within their engagement with occupation environment, some of them are working as client representatives, and some are assigned to plan squads, besides assigned to builders and care houses. Functions of professionals in Construction industry Most of building undertakings or houses employ reputed professionals to acquire proper direction procedure in order to archive undertakings ends, part with the professionals specialised functions. Architects, Engineer Consultants, Builders and Quantity Surveyors, whom are the professionals in building industry, hence farther will discourse refering the important functions of them relevant to the building undertakings as a professional squad, Particular points of cardinal functions of them are given below ; Normally they prepare designs including drawings, specifications, BOQ, Contact Agreements and Conditions of Contracts, Equally good as they are covering with Time, Money, Technology, Equipments, , Secret agents and Materials to pull off the building undertakings, They are employed straight by clients, They shall form the undertaking resources to put to death undertaking activities to pull off them decently and finish the undertaking on clip, maintain the Quality, Cost Control, maintain of Environment and Safety steps. Further their functions are briefly described as follows ; The Architect Harmonizing to the Wikipedia, an designer is a individual trained in the planning, design and oversight/supervision of the building of edifices and further designer should be sing site sporadically for reviews to guarantee that in general, the work being carried out on site is in conformity with architectural designs and specifications. By and large, Architect should hold proper instruction makings and besides should hold good preparation back land to present their cognition for the undertaking success in footings of sustainability and safety of terminal users. Besides there are Landscapes Architects, Town Planners, Infrastructures and edifice Architects whom are categorized on subject on service and they involve as a squad or one individual. Engineer Adviser .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .postImageUrl , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:hover , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:visited , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:active { border:0!important; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:active , .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1 .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2a84673940409c90473f65788026a9e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cloning and stem cell research EssayHarmonizing to the Bamisile ( 2004 ) , during the building stage Engineers ( Civil, electrical, mechanical, geotechnical and structural ) should see the site frequently for reviews, and to be ensured that all activities traveling on conformity with their technology drawings, specifications and agendas. Besides they should be concerned with monitoring and guaranting methods and stuffs. Normally engineer advisers joint as a reputed single house with development undertakings. Besides involve for choosing the undertaking by manner of stamp or by nomination. A Fee besides will be charged by Engineers as a parentage footing. The Builder The Builder is employed by the client, on the advice of the Architect or theA Architectural engineer. A builder must first measure the project-specific paperss ( referred to as stamp paperss ) . In the instance of redevelopments, a site visit is required to acquire a better apprehension of the undertaking. The builder will so cipher a monetary value, besides called an estimation. The builder considers the cost of stuffs and equipment every bit good as the cost of labour to supply the proprietor with an approximative monetary value for the undertaking. The Quantity Surveyor ( Cost Consultant ) Quantity surveyor is the person/ house who manage the cost relating to the building undertakings, such as new buildings, care work and redevelopments. Quantity surveyor proctors the cost of every facets of a building undertaking as a cost expert, every bit good as seeks to minimise the costs of the undertaking and to do more cost nest eggs while guaranting the entire cost of undertaking does non transcend the estimated cost. Furthermore when survey about Architects, Engineers A ; Quantity Surveyors as Construction Professionals, besides have to be identified their responsibilities and Responsibilities decently. Duties and duties of professionals in Construction industry In general Architects, Undertaking directors, applied scientists and measure surveyors are the most of import individuals whom are involved as professionals in building industry. Therefore, they have to be really respectable and good attention of their responsibilities and duties harmonizing to their work sectors. Their responsibilities and duties could be described in brief as mentioned below ; Architect Contribution for initial treatments and audiences which relevant to plan and programs with a individual or a concern organisation in satisfactory degree. Should be understood clearly about clients intended aims and explicating them. Geting clear thought of Clients budget which is expected to put for undertakings and confer withing with suggestions for any options may be required. Fixing initial proposals subsequent to treatments with client. Analyzing environmental impact and the consequence holding with proposed construction. Follow-up feasibleness surveies and how it affected for buildings in specific locations. Attending site choices and bring forth a cost analysis as a portion of the initial proposals. Explain all facets of initial proposals to client really briefly. To be worked wholly with client to acquire a concluding merchandise as programs and of import designs. All design and programs with regard to the regulation and ordinance of authorities and relevant organisations and establishments severally. Civil Engineers The civil applied scientists are prosecuting with many activities at the beginning of the undertaking and up to the terminal of the undertaking. Hence, some of their cardinal functions are as follows ; Analyzing assorted factors and countries refering building. Analyzing, seeking and look into the site location and guarantee its feasibleness for building intent. Fixing cardinal indispensable programs to find what necessitate to be changed prior to implement undertakings. Develop detailed design drawings harmonizing to the clients demands. Review and publishing blessing for undertaking designs and studies. Identifying possible hazards and differences of the undertaking. Taking necessary actions for hazard direction. Follow up regulations, ordinances and guidelines in relevant to the undertaking. Verify the safety activities during the undertaking execution. Study different equations, schemes, and applications to do certain appropriate processs and applications. Supervision of all plants and proctors staff responsibilities and operations at site. Keeping good communicating with stakeholders of undertaking ; Project Architects, adviser, sub contractors and client. Fixing agenda for purchase of stuffs and equipments. Ensure that the undertaking is completed by the committed clip within the planned budget. Preparation of defect list or snags list and affect with passing over procedure. The Quantity Surveyor Pre Contract phase: Elemental Cost Estimate Measurements Bill Of Quantity Preparation Tender Document Preparation Analyzing Estimating and Tendering Tender Evaluation Tender Clarification Meetings Negotiation Meetings Post Contract phase: Kick of Meeting Advancement on Site Variation Order Calculations Variation Order dialogue Payment Certifications Fiscal Statements Concluding Histories The Construction Project Manager Prepare maestro plan to the overall undertaking and hold with the employer. Appointing advisers and contractors by tendering. Fiscal advice to the employer and cost control. Organizing all parties and gets the work done. Hazard, quality, clip, range A ; cost direction. Communication A ; dialogues. Complete and handover the undertaking to the in agreement maestro plan. In this study discussed about few professionals, furthermore there are other professionals are involved with building industry, some of them are really of import and their activities are required to finish the undertaking satisfactorily. They are Land surveyors, geological surveyors, Draftsmen, Human Resources directors, Clerk of plants, Business and legal advisers. Furthermore, need to be discussed in brief about Professional Organizations holding relationship with the Professionals. The Constructions professional s organisations What is Professional organisation Professional organisations normally give comprehensive improvement to the professionals such as, initial professional development and besides being a member in an establishment as free instruction and preparation, go toing to conference and seminars, web chances and acquire privilege to utilize on line resorts, Hence some professional organisations are particularly critical to the building industry, for illustration ; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a consequence of this, professionals can develop their cognition and do betterment the degree of professionalism suitably. The function of professional organisations in the building industry In general, herewith discussed about common functions briefly, Keep the criterions of the professions in the building industry Maintain greatest cognition ( Training, Seminars, CPD, PDP ) Develop professional instruction to react to altering environment to run into current and future operation demands. Improve services to members and up-grading services in industry. Encouraging of sustainable buildings Printing books, magazines and other publications to develop the cognition of members. Maintain and better the quality of the built environment. The Benefits of Joining with Professional establishments The Construction professional establishments provide most of import benefits for the professionals organic structure to better their professionalism actively. The few benefits of professional institutes are given below ; Possible to spread out the professional web Consistent updates on current industry tendencies and developments. A opportunity to increase consciousness of work topographic point. Can be discovered other companies activities. A opportunity to utilize monthly, quarterly, and one-year newssheets. magazines Have peculiar schemes for go toing the meeting An chance to joint with CPD, professional development program Volunteer to fall in a commission within the association. Follow up with your new contacts. Annual rank fee of most reputed professional institutes are really high, nevertheless some companies provide institutes rank fee and preparation outgos harmonizing to the demand of the employers at that clip. Further analyzing the benefits and specific functions of professional institutes, once and for all following tabular array will demo map different of few institutes. ( Refer to Postpone 01 ) Table -01 Organization s Roles, Functions Professionals liability in Constructions Generally professional s liabilities are the legal duty with professional s mistakes, carelessness or skips during the class of pattern of work. Hence there are few identified cardinal professional s liabilities in building industry, those are as follows ; Design mistakes, for case ; methods, agencies of building drawings Construction review, Quality control and quality confidence Contractual liability from a bomber contract design entity Health and safety of site Coordination and programming Normally at the design and direction stages of undertaking, consequence of professionals liabilities are high than other stages, Above identified liabilities in building professionals, farther required to protect them utilizing Construction insurance and policies. Those are as follows ; Workman s Compensation policy ( will cover liability of an employer for employment, injured, payment of Compensation etc. ) ) Contractors risk insurance ( cover harm of belongings, liability of 3rd party claims for injure or decease, stuff and machinery harm ) Professional liability insurance ( All design houses, professional services, contractor and buildings trough ) The function of Constructions related concern organisations The concern related organisations provide coaction of professionals to portion with their cognition and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to utilize organisation resources to success of their undertakings, some of them are significantly of import to buildings industry, such as ; mention of FIDIC in international, mention of ICTAD in Sri Lanka and besides mention of Business Enterprise A ; Regulatory Reform ( BERR ) in the United Kingdom Following are the cardinal functions of concern related organisations ; Maintain criterions in the industry Provide resort as and when needed Strengthen the economic public presentation Increase peoples understanding Create conditions for concern success Raise degrees of productiveness Help produce professionals in the industry and maintain criterions Aid with research work/ preparation and CPD Helps keep connexion with universe broad By these major key functions can place which contain their relationship with building industry clearly. Therefore those maps significantly influence the success of undertakings in building industry actively. CONCLUSION/ RECOMMENDATIONS This survey make following decision eventually, surely, peculiar employer s aptitudes can be performed within particular features and properties accompanied with professionalism such as, Ethics A ; Qualification, Skill, Experience, Communication Skills, Initiative. These are critical facts for improve of the professionalism in building industry.

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise

ESL Lesson Plan Intensive Reading Exercise The following lesson focuses on reading intensively, in other words, understanding every word. Generally, teachers tend to ask students to read quickly for a general understanding. This method of reading is called extensive reading and is very helpful in getting students to deal with large chunks of information. However, at times students do need to understand details and this is when intensive reading is appropriate. Aim Developing intensive reading skills, vocabulary improvements concerning fine differences between related vocabulary terms Activity Intensive reading exercise in which each sentence must be read very carefully to discover mistakes and inconsistencies of syntax Level Upper-intermediate Outline Discuss different types of reading skills with students: Extensive reading: reading for pleasure with emphasis on general understandingIntensive reading: reading carefully for an exact understanding of text. Necessary for contracts, legal documentation, application forms, etc.Skimming: quickly looking through text to get an idea of what the text concerns. Used when reading magazines, newspaper articles etc.Scanning: locating specific information in a text. Usually used in timetables, charts, etc. Ask students to give examples of when they employ the various reading skills. This part of the discussion can serve to raise awareness concerning the fact that it is not always necessary to understand every word. Pass out handout and have students get into groups of 3-4. Ask students to read one sentence of the stories at a time and decide what is wrong with the sentences in terms of vocabulary (contradictions). Follow-up with a class discussion about the various problems with the text. Have students get back into their groups and try to substitute appropriate vocabulary for the incongruencies. As homework, ask students to write their own Whats Wrong? story which will then be exchanged with other students as a follow-up activity to the lesson in the next class period. What's Wrong? This exercise focuses on intensive reading. Read one sentence at a time and find the inappropriate vocabulary mistake or contradiction. All errors are in the choice of vocabulary NOT in grammar. Jack Forest is a baker who always provides his customers with tough meat. Last Tuesday, Mrs Brown came into the shop and asked for three fillets of brown bread. Unfortunately, Jack only had two fillets remaining. He excused Mrs Brown and promised her that he would have too much bread the next time she came. Mrs Brown, being a reliable customer, assured Jack that she would return. Later that day, Jack was sealing the shop when he the phone sang. It was Mrs Brown requiring if Jack had baked another slice of brown bread. Jack said, As a matter of truth, I burnt some extra loaves a few hours ago. Would you like me to bring one buy?. Mrs Brown said she would and so Jack got into his bike and road to Mrs Browns to deliver the third pound of brown toast.My favorite reptile is the Cheetah. It is truly an amazing creature which can trot at a top speed of 60 m.p.h.! Ive always wanted to go to the cool planes of Africa to see the Cheetah in action. I imagine it would be a disappointing experien ce looking at those Cheetah run. A few weeks ago, I was watching a National Geographic special on the radio and my wife said, Why dont we go to Africa next summer?. I hopped for joy! Thats a lousy idea!, I stated. Well, next week our plain leaves for Africa and I can hardly imagine that we are going to Africa at first. Frank Sinatra was an infamous singer, known throughout the world. He was a novice at singing in the crooning style. During the 50s and 60s grunge music was very popular throughout clubs in the US. Las Vegaswas one of Frank Sinatras favorite squares to sing. He often traveled into Las Vegas from his hut in the woods to perform in the evening. Audiences inevitably booed as he sang encore after encore to the delight of international fans from around the county.

Essay on Apple Corp Memo

Essay on Apple Corp Memo Essay on Apple Corp Memo To: Tim Cook, CEO Date: September 30, 2014 Re: Company strategy advisement Apple is a very innovative company and will continue to dominate the market. That is if we stay one step ahead of our competitors. As a technology company, Apple must stay innovative and not repeat same design ideas if we want to reassure investors and consumers alike that we haven’t lost our edge, and continue to dominate the market. To remain ahead of the game, you must continue what Steve Jobs has done and continue to push the level of innovation in the Apple product line. In order to do this, you need to look into expanding the product line instead of just renovating the iPad, iPhone, MacBooks, and etc. You need to introduce more models of the iPhone line along with the iPad and MacBooks that are cheaper to capture more market share. Other things you need to focus on are how to capture the Asian markets such as China, and India. Asides from just expanding and innovation, you need to surround yourself with those who share an innovative vision. Apple’s business envir onment mostly revolves around the tech industry. The tech industry is a very aggressive and competitive industry. Factors such as technology changes, social drivers, economic drivers, and other companies affect Apple’s business environment. Following the legacy of former CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's technology conference has become the industry's most highly anticipated and observed event. Expanding upon this featured marketing event, the company should host additional conferences in addition to their annual Worldwide Developers Conference that will bring together key technology leaders and insiders, as well as young technology developers from competitive educational institutions. Apple Inc. should aim to maintain its position as the leader in the industry by developing technology and information hubs directly within the world's leading research institutions (i.e. MIT, Texas A&M, Stanford University). By building Apple research infrastructures specifically within educational institutions, in addition to the company's existing R&D Departments, we will benefit from sourcing for the newest innovations amongst bright young technologists. The goal is for Apple to be at the core of a network of technology hubs that produces and sh ares its research and innovation by providing promising technologists with the relevant resources they need early in their education. These educational hubs ("Apple Labs") will enrich our existing R&D as well as allow us to develop and train a new generation of innovators that will join the company. Apple can also benefit from such an information network as an addition to the company's marketing strategy. The development of "Apple Labs" at educational and research institutions will build brand loyalty and brand recognition among young people who will appreciate the company's dedication to education and research. Students from these "Apple Labs" can be incentivized in their research by competing to present product ideas and prototypes at the newly proposed annual technology conferences that the company will host. With this technology "incubation" structure in place, Apple can ensure it will have the most direct access to new research and ideas as well as provide a competitive platform on which to share information. Apple must stay ahead of the game because of the constant technological changes. You should always try to implement the latest technologies before anyone else so that you can increase market shares. Recently, Apple is falling behind Samsung, HTC, and other smartphones because Apple has been holding back on the latest implementation of technologies. For example, with the release of the IPhone 6 and 6 plus, Apple is introducing the NFC payment system, however this technology has already been implemented on phones such as the Nexus 7 and the Samsung Galaxy phones. For the past 3 years, Apple has been releasing phones that have less specifications compared

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Industrial Relations (Employee Relations) - Essay Example However, it might mean different things to different people with some referring to the concept of trade unions that represent the rights of employees and protect the workers from violation by employers. Some view employee voice as necessary primarily for the purpose of motivation and promote the adherence of employees to the goals of the organisation (Spencer, 1986). Employee voice may include the following: Exchange of ideas between the management and employees and the management through collective representation and individual basis. The involvement of the employees in the decision-making process of the organisation. Employees should also be allowed to have said on issues, not only should they be allowed to comment but should know that what they say has a chance of being implemented. Contribution to managerial decision-making is crucial for employees as they express their ideas for the better of the organisation. Traditional forms of employee representation include trade unions. Trade unions emerged in the 19th century they are a form of indirect representation. In most cases, only one trade union was present in an industry. Trade unions had to protect employees and inform them about their rights and obligations. They also consult with the employer in relation to measures affecting a group of employees. Direct representation is particularly im portant as the employees are in the managerial team. Direct representation may be in the form of work councils and human resource management team. Work councils represent all employees in the company and are constituted by statute. Work councils have right for participation in the business operational issues (Dundon, and Gollan, 2007). Twenty years ago, 50 percent of workers in Australia were members of a union. Today union membership is just below 25 percent. Australian has seen the lowest number of members in trade unions so far. In 1920-1990 trade unions

The ethical component of efficiency Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The ethical component of efficiency - Essay Example Business ethics draws several similarities to the normal ethics which is applied in everyday movements. Good ethics forms the basis of good business practices and sustainable profitability (Grifith, 2010). It is an imperative necessity for the deployment and management of not only the staff but the community as well, thus avoids unnecessary conflicts with key stakeholders in the running of a business (Trevino, & Nelson, 2010). In light of this, ethics is very important for business efficiency. Good ethics enables key stakeholders in the running of a business, to be aware of what they are engaging in including the end results of their actions (Shaw, 2010). A company strives from time to time to operate within the parameters set out by its goals, while empowering the workforce in strengthening their efficiencies. In view of this, the conformity to great ethical standards of the workforce can contribute a lot in ensuring that remarkable achievements of organizational goals roll out with in the pre-determined timelines and costs (Trevino, & Nelson, 2010). Judging between good and bad Grifith (2010) indicated that ethics in managerial work involves the behavior of the officials in an attempt to decide on what is proper and what is improper for the organization. Sometimes several factors may lead a manager to implement unethical behavior. However, the right individual is he who, regardless of eminent ethical dilemmas, evaluates how various scenarios would unfold and makes separation between what would result in efficiency and what would be unproductive. Ethical components of efficiency enable a decision maker to muster confidence to face supervisors and other senior officers while enhancing integrity (Trevino, & Nelson, 2010). This basically means being relentless in acting right even when one is not under strict supervision. According to Shaw (2010) the end result would translate into higher efficiency as minimal resources need to be deployed to achieve the business goals. Organizations also have obligations such as creating proper job designs. After the creation of jobs and the human resources are deployed, equitable reward and promotion mechanisms are imperative issues that need implementation so as to guarantee the organization of overall efficiency (Trevino, & Nelson, 2010). Shaw (2010) indicated that the proper implementation of these systems enables the human resources to develop feelings of optimism, and pleasure in work. In case a company fails to acknowledge the skills and dedication of the workforce, the end result may give the workers a reason for adopting an unethical conduct. Employees deserve equal treatment, however. If they are handled with decorum and in a fair way, they tend to act in support of management policies and practices (Trevino & Nelson (2010). Any act of inappropriate treatment may easily inculcate unethical conduct, which eventually waters down efficiency. Reining in unethical managers On their part, Dierkes and Zimmerman (1994) averred that it is the duty of top managers to take it upon themselves and act to c orrect managerial decisions that are deemed as inappropriate as far as enlisting and disciplining of the human resources are concerned. This is because managers may sometimes disregard ethical considerations when they act on behalf of

Industrial and Personnel Psychology Essay Example for Free

Industrial and Personnel Psychology Essay 1. Personal biographical characteristics of note are factors that describe an individual. Factors such as age, gender, marital status and tenure. These characteristics have an impact on the attitudes that an individual may have towards work and dependent variable such as productivity, absenteeism, and turnover and job satisfaction. The relationship between age and job performance is of great importance because it is believed that job performance decreases as age increases. Though not all employers have perceptions of older employees. From a positive perspective it is noted that older employees have more experience, judgment, ethics and commitment. In addition, with older employees, labour turnover is reduced. Because of their longer tenure within the organization they tend to enjoy increased wages, pension and many other benefits and are therefore less likely to leave. With regards to absenteeism and older employees, the evidence is however mixed. Although there are decreases in avoidable absenteeism rates compared to younger employees, there is an increase in unavoidable rates due to poor health due to age, and longer recovery periods. However from a negative point it is noted that older employees lack flexibility, there is a decrease in their productivity due to decreased speed, agility, strength and co-ordination and resistance to change in a changing environment. Consequently, organizations are reluctant to hire older employees. In addition, they tend to retrench them first when it comes to downsizing. Gender in job performance has no evidence that it affects job satisfaction. However there is a difference in work schedules because women mostly prefer part time work or work flexibility due to family responsibilities. With regards to absenteeism women usually have a higher rate of absenteeism than men as women traditionally care for the family. For example when children are sick, it is the mothers who tend to take off work in order to take care of such sick children. Married employees generally have a decrease in absenteeism, turnover and an increase in job satisfaction. This may be due to increased responsibilities. With regards to tenure, there is a positive relationship between seniority and job performance and a negative relationship between tenure and absenteeism. That is an increase in tenure and seniority tends to lead to better performance and an increase in tenure to lead to decrease in turnover. People are organization’s most valuable and expensive resource, but they are the most difficult element of an organization to manage. Individuals are almost infinitely different, they act differently in different circumstances and are, in many ways, entirely unpredictable. This means that, unlike machines, they are not interchangeable or able to be easily designed to do the jobs required of them. In terms of the organization, what we are interested in is the way in which people behave at work-that they perform effectively in pursuit of the organisation’s goals. The starting point for this is an understanding of what makes people behave in the way they do. Although psychologists do not agree on a single definition of personality, there is some consensus that it is concerned with characteristics patterns of behavior and modes of thinking that determine a person’s adjustment to the environment (Hilgard et al 1979:108). Two features of the above definition are noteworthy. In the first place, the word â€Å"characteristic† suggests a degree of performance in personality. In the second place, â€Å"environment† suggests that personality is displayed in a social and physical context. Beyond this consensus, there is a great deal disagreement over the development, structure and dynamics of personality. The correct interpretation and use of the results of personality measures and tests depends a great deal on the theory or approach on which the instruments are based. Without this knowledge, the description of personality may well be miused. Personality can therefore be referred to a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. It looks at the whole person rather than at the sum of the individual parts. It is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his or her unique adjustments to his or her environment. An altogether different approach to personality concentrates on identifying and classifying those features that individuals may share. The different categories or types serve to emphasise the similarities within each group and the differences between the groups. These attempts to classify personality features are often referred to as the type or trait approach. There are a number of personality determinants, namely, Heredity, the Environment, or the Situation. Heredity is the process of transmitting biological traits from parent to offspring through genes, the basic units of heredity. Heredity also refers to the inherited characteristics of an individual, including traits such as height, eye color, and blood type. Heredity accounts for why offspring look like their parents: when two dogs mate, for example, they have puppies, not kittens. If the parents are both Chihuahuas, the puppies will also be Chihuahuas, not great Danes or Labrador retrievers. The puppies may be a little taller or shorter, a little lighter or a lot heavier than their parents are. Their faces may look a little different, or they may have different talents and temperaments. In all the important characteristics, however—the number of limbs, arrangement of organs, general size, fur type—they will share the traits of their parents. The principles of heredity hold true not only for a puppy but also for a virus, a roundworm, a pansy, or a human. Genetics is the study of how heredity works and, in particular, of genes. A gene is a section of a long deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule, and it carries information for the construction of a protein or part of a protein. Through the diversity of proteins they code for, genes influence or determine such traits as eye color, the ability of a bacterium to eat a certain sugar, or the number of peas in a pod. A virus has as few as a dozen genes. A simple roundworm has 5000 to 8000 genes, while a corn plant has 60,000. The construction of a human requires an estimated 50,000 genes. Personality characteristics are not completely dictated by heredity however, as otherwise they would remain the same throughout life despite the experiences we have. Environment is referred to all of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), such as temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents. The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors form an ecosystem. Even minute changes in any one factor in an ecosystem can influence whether or not a particular plant or animal species will be successful in its environment. Organisms and their environment constantly interact, and both are changed by this interaction. Like all other living creatures, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they have done so generally on a grander scale than have all other species. Some of these human-induced changes—such as the destruction of the world’s tropical rain forests to create farms or grazing land for cattle—have led to altered climate patterns. In turn, altered climate patterns have changed the way animals and plants are distributed in different ecosystems. Scientists study the long-term consequences of human actions on the environment, while environmentalists—professionals in various fields, as well as concerned citizens—advocate ways to lessen the impact of human activity on the natural world. Situation is one of the determinants of personality which influences the effect of heredity and environment on personality. Personality, which is generally stable, often changes in different situations.  For example, we may behave very differently at a party with our friends as opposed to how we would do at a social gathering of work colleagues and our managers. 2. Attitude refers to an opinion or general feeling about something. Attitudes are, essentially feelings towards people or things. How people feel, what they believe, what they intend to do, and whether and how they do it may all be connected, and may all be related to the process of perception. To try to reduce the confusion in this area over the use of words and concepts such as â€Å"feelings† and â€Å"beliefs†, Fishbein (19670 put forward the following hierarchical model. Beliefs What we think about people, things, relationships etc â€Å"My work provides no challenge† Attitudes Affective responses to those people, things, relationships etc. â€Å"I see work only as a means to getting money† Intentions Congnitive states â€Å"I will look for my challenge in my leisure time† Behavior or Action Observable events â€Å"I take up mountaineering† Attitudes are learned. They derive from our personal reaction to information and events, which manifest themselves as beliefs and feelings about a particular subject. We learn many of our attitudes when we are very young. They are conditioned by those around us and the conditions or situations in which we find ourselves. Some-particularly feelings-are so strong that they stay with stay with us and affect us for the rest of our lives. The range of influences is complex, but it includes the following: * The groups to which we belong-most notably, in early life, the family, but also friendship groups, work groups * Education * Life experiences- particularly the most profound personal ones such as bereavement, etc. but also those experiences which we observe e. g on Tv, or read about. We are aware, too, that our attitudes change over time as a result of the influence of the above factors. For example, it is very often the case that young people have more liberal attitudes than older people, but as they enter work and acquire family and financial commitments and responsibilities they tend to become more â€Å"conservative†. One of the key elemen ts of management in organizations is how to modify or change people’s behaviour. This is central to such features as motivation, securing effective performance, introducing change, etc. whilst as noted above, attitudes do not necessarily condition behaviour, and they are a significant determinant. In organizations, managers use attitude survey to measure and thereby predict behaviour. Managers use information gathered in attitude surveys to guide them in decisions relative to employees. Attitude surveys elicit responses from employees through questionnaires about how they feel about their jobs, work- groups, supervisors and or the organization. Attitude surveys provide managers with valuable feedback on how workers perceive working conditions, and alert them to problems or employee intentions early so that action can be taken in time. Increasingly, attitudinal surveys are being used within organizations to find out about the potential reactions of staff to particular courses of action (for example, organizational change) or to form judgments about their suitability for particular posts (in a similar way to how personality tests are used). Operational methods for attitude surveys generally seek to measure fire components for each belief. Thus, attitudes to work could be measured as follows: * Strength of feeling about the job itself. The strength with which various attitudes are held about different aspects of the job which are listed, measured on perhaps a seven point scale, from â€Å"agree totally† through neutral to â€Å"disagree totally†. * Value of job to self. Evaluating various aspects of the job, again, but in relation to its meaning to the individual. * Social factors. Attitudes and behaviour do not depend on inner perceptions alone, but also upon surrounding social pressures-the person’s perceptions of what others think he/she should do. The social factors must be investigated in order to understand all the factors determining behaviour. * Overall attitude An overall assessment of the respondent’s attitudes to the contex of the job and to work itself, for example, the value and meaning it has in his/ her life. This is a useful measure as it allows more generalized attitudes to the job to be explored. * Intended behaviour Potential reactions to different scenarios about the job or its context. Although hypothetical, this prediction makes an interesting correlation with actual behaviour. Surveys must have a very clear specification of what they are seeking to measure. Just as with personality tests, there is the ever present danger that the way in which questions are phrased, or the underlying assumptions made, will influence the outcome. Job satisfaction and its opposite, job dissatisfaction, refer to the attitudes and feelings job holders have towards their work. Morale can be viewed as a state of mind dependent on the dependent on the degree of job satisfaction experienced by an individual or group. There is general agreement that job dissatisfaction can have harmful effects on both job holders and the organization. Research has associated job dissatisfaction with all the indicators of low morale-high labour turnover, skills wastage, absenteeism, high accident rates, poor timekeeping and a lack of commitment to quality. An individual with low job satisfaction may suffer frustration and stress. Although stress may arise from many quarters, it is the inability to deal with and manage stress that afflicts the individual who suffers job dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is determined by a number of factors namely, mentally challenging work, equitable rewards, supportive working conditions, and supportive colleagues. Research has shown that employees prefer jobs that give them opportunities to use their abilities and skills. Characteristics such as freedom, feedback and a variety of tasks make work mentally challenging and allow employees to feel pleasure and satisfaction. On other hand, jobs that are not mentally challenging create boredom, frustration and feelings of failure. Employees want rewards (e. g. pay, promotions) that they perceive as just and in line with their expectations. Satisfaction will occur if pay is seen as based on job demands, skill and community standards. It is not the actual amount of pay that counts, but rather the perception of fairness. Individuals that also perceive promotional decisions as fair will be job satisfied. Employees are concerned with working conditions that are comfortable and that enable one to do an optimal job. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, noise should not be too extreme. Factors such as proximity to home, cleanliness, technology and adequate tools, help increase job satisfaction. As well as tangible achievements, employees also work for social interaction. Therefore having friendly and supportive co-workers and superiors also lead to increased job satisfaction. On many occasions managers’ interest in job satisfaction centers on its effect on employee performance. Therefore studies have been made to identify the relationships between satisfaction and performance. Organized studies in particular have focused on the effect of satisfaction on the dependent variables such as Productivity, Absenteeism and Turnover. There is no real proof that satisfaction leads to productivity. The saying â€Å"a happy worker is a productive worker† is wishful thinking. Often productivity leads to satisfaction and not the other way around. Productivity leads to increase in rewards, recognition, which in turn increases satisfaction. Satisfaction may lead to productivity on an organization level rather than on an individual level. Dissatisfied workers are more likely to be absent. This relationship can be affected however by sick leave benefits which might encourage workers to be absent. While satisfied employees are less likely to leave work. This can however be affected by, labour market conditions, expectations about alternative job offers and length of tenure. Level of satisfaction is less important in predicting turnover for superior employees as more effort is made to keep these individuals. Satisfaction-turnover relationship is also affected by the individuals disposition towards life. If two people are dissatisfied the positive one is more likely to leave.

Morrisons Bluest Eye Essay: Self-Definition -- Toni Morrison The Blue

In Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye, published in 1970, the struggle begins in childhood. Two young black girls -- Claudia and Pecola -- illuminate the combined power of externally imposed gender and racial definitions where the black female must not only deal with the black male's female but must contend with the white male's and the white female's black female, a double gender and racial bind. All the male definitions that applied to the white male's female apply, in intensified form, to the black male's, white male's and white female's black female. In addition, where the white male and female are represented as beautiful, the black female is the inverse -- ugly. Self-definition is crucial, not only to being, but to creating. As Gilbert and Gubar so astutely note in The Madwoman in the Attic, "For all literary artists, of course, self-definition necessarily precedes self-assertion: the creative 'I AM' cannot be uttered if the 'I' knows not what it is" (17). One way of describing this work of self-definition is as "learn[ing] to understand what around and about us and what within us must live, and what must die" (Estes, 33). But female definition has not been this sorting out process of self-definition. Instead, it has been a static male definition "by default" or "by intent." If the female is to create herself, she must begin with a process of self-definition whose first step is, of necessity, a negation of the hitherto established male definition of "female." Virginia Woolf calls this "killing The Angel in the House" (PFW 286). Before she can say "yes" by creating a positive form she must first say "no" to the false positive form created by a patriarchal society. Before she can reclaim herself from the negative space of t... ...s vital and true. Â   List of Works Cited Dickinson, Emily. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson. Ed. Thomas H. Johnson. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1960. Estes, Clarissa Pinkola. Women Who Run With the Wolves. New York: Ballantine Books, 1992. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Gubar, Susan. The Madwoman in the Attic. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York: Penguin Books, 1994. ---, Playing in the Dark. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992. Portales, Marco. "Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye: Shirley Temple and Cholly." The Centennial Review Fall (1986): 496-506. Rubenstein, Roberta. Boundaries of the Self. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1987. Woolf, Virginia. "Professions for Women." Collected Essays. Vol.2. London: The Hogarth Press, 1966. 284-289. Â  

Crucible VS. McCarthyism

The main difference between McCarthyism and the Crucible is that McCarthyism was a real political period in the United States when Senator McCarthy tried to scare people that communism was leaking into our government but as for the crucible it was a group of people that was just accusing other people of witchcraft. While the Salem witch trials occurred in the late 1600’s, a similar unfortunate situation occurred in the 1950’s with McCarthyism. The Salem witch trials shared many common characteristics.The similarities include continuous accusations, leading politicians, and the reaction to witchcraft and communism. The Salem witch trials and McCarthyism both involved ongoing accusations that led to numerous innocent people being accused and prosecuted. In The Crucible, local people accuse women and men in Salem of witchcraft. When the teenage girls first accuse Tituba, the Reverend’s housekeeper, a chain of accusations begin. To avoid death, Tituba accused others in the town causing each of the accused to place blame on others.The Crucible is a metaphor for the accusations made in the 1950’s during the McCarthyism era. Senator Joseph McCarthy led the series of allegations with a list of people he felt were related somehow to communism. The list that was made grew as more people accused others for personal revenge. These continuous accusations went on until the original list of over 200 grew to almost 10,000. The accusations would not have led to any consequences without a leader to oversee the proceedings. Both the Salem witch trials and McCarthyism had instigators who fueled the hysteria.The Crucible’s judge supervising the trials of those charged of witchcraft. He not only supervised the trials, he set the punishments for those convicted of witchcraft. It was the judge who decided who was to get what punishment although all accused were innocent. The modern Judge Daniforth is Senator Joseph McCarthy who watched over the 1950à ¢â‚¬â„¢s McCarthyism era. During the McCarthyism era, Senator McCarthy oversaw the proceedings and created the House Un-American Committee. Senator McCarthy directed the questioning to all those accused of association with communism.The Salem witch trials and McCarthyism pretty much go hand in hand. During the witch trials everybody started accusing everybody else of witchcraft. During the McCarthyism era, Senator McCarthy started accusing people of being communists. Senator McCarthy also made up most of the statements he said about the supposed communists. Senator McCarthy is a guy that was known for lying and never telling the truth. A lot of people were executed and basically everyone was killed. They both had leaders causing public hysteria against the accused. Then people realized that there was no proof.Also people that were accused had no say if they were guilty weather they were or not. The similarities begin with a culture of panic. Both instances are characterized by this. The Salem Witch Trials were the result of a concerted effort to find witches brought on by panic. The same was true for Senator McCarthy in the Senate. He was on a mission to find communists and rallied a panicked public around him. The hysteria in Salam led to many people being accused of witchcraft and hanged. McCarthyism was fueled by hysteria because people accused others of being Communists. Both were fueled by paranoia and mass hysteria.The McCarthy Hearings were referred to as â€Å"witch hunts† because of their similarity to the Salem witch trials. They both struck fear in the people due to the â€Å"guilty until you confess† attitude which controlled the courts. In Salem the only way to escape death was to confess and repent; in the McCarthy hearings if you were accused, whether guilty or not, you would always be viewed as a Communist. McCarthy also relates to Abigail in The Crucible, because they both made false accusations against innocent people. McCarthy accused people of being communists, whereas Abigail accused people of using witchcraft.Of course, the events were very different in results and reasons, but the main idea of seeking and hunting down the people who represent different ideals is the same. In both cases, the leaders were looking for people to blame their own fears and lack of certainty on. It was with the Salem witch trials that people from one side of town were accused of being witches, not because they had done anything related to witchcraft, but because they or their families occupied valuable land that the accusers or their masters or friends were seeking to purchase at low prices.By associating the land with witchcraft, the value of the property was greatly decreased. If the woman was found guilty of witchcraft, they and their families could be stripped of their property making it easier to be acquired by those seeking to own it. Senator McCarthy managed to form a senate commission to investigate the spread of com munism in the USA, putting particular focus and emphasis on the entertainment industry. This effectively ended their ability to perform or earn a living under their own names, as they were blacklisted by the industry to assuage McCarthy's perceived political masters.

The Shift from Medium Specificity

Yinxuan Ma 1 The shift from medium specificity as the organizing principle for advanced art production to the notion of â€Å"site† and â€Å"system† can be seen as a bold attempt—it challenges the expectation for art marketing as well as criticizing consumer centric culture. During the period, artists may still be invested in the visual or formal aspects of art, however, there is a new sense of prioritizing the conceptual ideas that reveal different understandings of artwork and even painting. It is inadequate for viewers to just focus on the presentation of the article, because only the words behind the objects can show the great shift.Frank Stella, an artist who embraced geometric abstract painting, switching his concentration from fascinating visual shock to simplified painting form by using minimalist strategies, when he created works, such as â€Å"Die Fahne Hoch! †. Frank made minimal decision as to how to extract necessity from his format. Apart fr om this, Frank minimized the presentation of the color and aesthetic strategy. â€Å"This flew in the face of the Modernist idea that painting imposes a fixed set of aesthetic limitations. † (Frank Stella, Seltz and Stiles, P143) As I mentioned before, â€Å"Die Fahne Hoch! (Franks Stella, â€Å"Die Fahne Hoch! † 1959), which translate to English means â€Å"Raise the Flag† consists of black background and white lines, it seems like the painting has nothing to do with â€Å"flag†. However, the idea of naming the title â€Å"Die Fahne Hoch† comes from the Nazi marching song which emphasis the â€Å"domination†. Here, in the painting, the color of background—black dominates the whole Yinxuan Ma 2 article and we can also easily find the scheme of sketch and the symmetry pattern he applied in painting.As the basic and surfaces are so ordinary and unadorned that many critics of that time refused to accept them as art. But Frank argued tha t, his painting is based on the fact that only what can be seen there is there. It really is an object. Any painting is an object and anyone who gets involved enough in this finally has to face up to the objectness of whatever it is that he is doing. (Frank Stella, Seltz and Stiles, P144) I’m in favor of his argument—because â€Å"accurate† and â€Å"right† are not only adjectives for the art. The object he created is more straightforward and clear.Different from other forms, Frank wanted viewers to explore painterly detail, and his object did so by basic and plain presentation. Standing in front of the painting, viewers will see the symmetrical white lines across the black background, comparing to other paintings, Frank’s work is much more plainly and simply, the â€Å"black and white† article ask viewers to put their eyes close to the object–how the two elements â€Å"black† and â€Å"white† coexist, and represent the execute of the article. Audience needs to switch their focus from â€Å"what the painting trying to tell me† to â€Å" what I see on the canvas†.To Robert Morris, his preference is sculpture but not painting. Instead of using rich materials or scales to frame the article, Robert takes sculpture to maintain his particular insistence on the minimalism—Sculpture. For want of a better term, that grouping of work which does not present obvious information content Yinxuan Ma 3 or singularity of focus. (Stiles and Selz, P701) For example, the Untitled (Robert Morris, Untitled â€Å"three L-beams, 1964) doesn’t present obvious information content or singularity of focus.In the limited space, these L-beams are placed in sitting, lying and balancing postures, like three Platonic Grace. (David Hopskin, P140). The presentation of the L-beams are casual and disordered, when viewers walk into the exhibition, the beams are just â€Å"there†Ã¢â‚¬â€occupy the lim ited space with different patterns. You can consider the sculpture as bench, arch or platform. â€Å"Through the design of the beams Robert attempt to â€Å"tone up† Viewers’ eyes, bodies and minds. †(Hopskin, P143) â€Å"What work does? † Robert raised the question to his audience.The physical extension of Robert’s sculpture obey the rule of the nature: from which, viewers see the shadows, space and positive forms of the sculpture. What audience needs to do is that forget the limitation of the space, getting rid of the relationship between â€Å"work† and â€Å"made†, to read, to taste the sculpture with their original forms. â€Å"The form used in present-day three-dimensional work can be found in much past art. Grid patterns show up in Magdalenian cave painting. Context, intention, and organization focus the differences.The similarity of specific forms is irrelevant. † (Stiles and Selz, P703) If Robert Morris comes up with t he idea of â€Å"Anti Form†, Eva Hesse rejuvenates the concept by exploring the movement’s hiding aspect and system. Her work– Yinxuan Ma 4 Accession II (Eva Hesse, Accession II, 1967) shows difference between Frank Stella as well as Robert Morris because of the â€Å" imperfection†. The â€Å"Accession† was composed of perforated Minimalist cubes threaded with thousands of pieces of plastic tubing, which provided them with bristling interior â€Å"lives†. (Hopskin, P150).The cube, with crude inside and smooth outside, will make viewers think about human body, the skin may glossy and clean, but the hair, the internal organs, looking rough and chaotic. Eva minimizes the formal form of an object, what she emphasis here is â€Å"literal nature of materials†. Meanwhile, Eva’s objects are closely interrelated to â€Å"biological† and â€Å"human body† because of her experience–from German Nazi to America, from f ather’s death to mother’s suicide, and eventually, Eva suffered from cancer herself–the pain and the sorrow come from body as well as psychological.Her effort is bold as she put social and political agenda aside, creating article to express every-day life. Male, female, love and sex. She minimizes the narration and frame, using basic, or raw material like fiberglass, latex to absorb the spectator in its tangles. As a feminist, Eva Hesse says, â€Å"To me insurmountable to achieve an ultimate expression, the complete dedication seemingly only man can attain. † (Stiles and Selz, P704) The object â€Å"Studio view† (Eva Hesse, studio view, 1965) can be recognized as representative article to her. There are lots of stuff hung on the wall, circles, tire-shaped stuff and rope-shaped stuff.Among these objects, there is one that captured my eyes—several ball-shaped stuff inside string bags. Yinxuan Ma 5 From my point of view, the ball-shaped stuff d efinitely speaks out Eva’s objection of â€Å"his domain†. Female can have work, female can say â€Å"no† to male. What is more significant, females can display their own achievement! From this, viewers can find the self-confidence of Eva, comparing to male, her studio is also full of works and successful artworks. When audience admires Eva’s objects, the â€Å"whole work† or â€Å"perfection† should be ignored.Without fixed formula or logical form, Eva Hesse’s articles come from her â€Å"mental decision† and her detailed observation of daily life. Viewers need to put their eyes on the â€Å"imperfection† side of sculpture, thinking about the human body at same time—none of us are prefect, the blemish and shatter make our life real. To the artists, the color, the material or the forms are no more important, what viewers should notice and learn is the â€Å"words behind the objects†. To Frank, the conceptua l art is broader than any other art, his geometric objects are specific and creative that speak out his idea.To Robert, his sculpture stay â€Å"real† and â€Å"phenomenological†, to Eva, the cube brings up the humanity and the imperfection of human in real life. As a viewer, what capture your eyes is no more bright color or fantastic frame, as they are minimized. Here, the simple lines, the curve and the plastic tubes can lead you to artists’ world, to hear what they say, to watch their experience, to explore the relationship between art and the idea they came up with. ARTH 2201 Art + Design Dr. Gloria Sutton Yinxuan Ma 11/13/2012